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Capital gains tax (CGT) in the context of the Australian taxation system applies to the capital gain made on disposal of any asset, except for specific exemptions. The most significant exemption is the family home. Rollover provisions apply to some disposals, one of the most significant is transfers to beneficiaries on death, so that the CGT is not a quasi death duty. CGT operates by having net gains treated as taxable income in the tax year an asset is sold or otherwise disposed of. If an asset is held for at least 1 year then any gain is first discounted by 50% for individual taxpayers, or by 33.3% for superannuation funds. Capital losses can be offset against capital gains, and net capital losses in a tax year may be carried forward indefinitely. Capital losses cannot be offset against normal income. Personal use assets and collectables are treated as separate categories and losses on those are quarantined so they can only be applied against gains in the same category, not other gains. This works to stop taxpayers subsidising hobbies from their investment earnings. == History == Capital gains tax was introduced in Australia on 20 September 1985, one of a number of tax reforms by the Hawke/Keating government. The tax applies only to assets acquired on or after that date. Gains (or losses) on earlier assets, called pre-CGT assets are ignored. The rules introduced initially allowed the cost of assets held for 1 year to be indexed by the consumer price index (CPI) before calculating a gain (calculation of a loss used only the unindexed cost though). This meant the part of a price rise due only to inflation was not taxed. This rule was only current between 1985 and 1999 when it was then frozen. Also, initially an averaging process was used to calculate the tax on gains. 20% of one's net capital gain was included as income, and the amount of extra tax it caused was multiplied by 5. So instead of a big capital gain pushing the taxpayer into higher tax brackets immediately, the brackets were stretched out, allowing more to be taxed at one's existing marginal rate. From 20 September 1999 indexing of the cost base was discontinued, and instead the present 50% discount on the plain gain above the cost base was introduced. For assets acquired before that date the taxpayer can choose between indexing (up to the CPI at 30 September 1999) or discount. Also from 21 September 1999, small business capital gains tax concessions were introduced (below), reducing tax on small business owners retiring, and on active assets being sold, and allowing a rollover when selling one active asset to buy another 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Capital gains tax in Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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